In mouse models of colitis, asthma, and arthritis, SCFAs attenuated chronic inflammation by directly binding the G-protein-coupled receptor 43 (GPR43) and provoking a strong anti-inflammatory response, indicating that bacteria-derived metabolites can also alleviate inflammation far from the organ in which they live (Maslowski et al., 2009). The gene discussed is FFAR2; the disease is Arthritis.