ACE and hypertensive disorder: In the early detection of DKD, multi-factorial interventions targeting major risk factors (hyperglycemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and smoking) (Nathan et al., 1993; Gross et al., 2002; Mogensen, 2003) and the use of drugs with renoprotective effects (ACE inhibitors and/or ARBs) can reduce the progression of nephropathy (Viberti and Wheeldon, 2002; Mogensen, 2003).