Moreover, the monitoring of IL-8 and TNF-α values has been proposed as an evaluation of the response to treatment.9,10 On the other hand, high values of glutathione sulfonamide (GSA) in tracheal aspirates have been associated with a lung infection in neonates.11 The aim of the present study was to test the predictive capacity for diagnosing VAP of an ample array of cytokines and biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation determined in BALF and TA in preterm newborns. Here, TNF is linked to ventilator-associated pneumonia.