This study aimed to evaluate the impact of UG-FNAB and BRAF p.V600E genetic testing on the malignancy rate in thyroid surgery in Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, China, in the past 10 years to evaluate whether these methods can improve the determination of benign and malignant thyroid nodules, reduce the risk of thyroid cancer-related death and recurrence, reduce the potential harm of overtreatment for patients, and provide appropriate treatment and monitoring for high-risk patients. The gene discussed is BRAF; the disease is thyroid cancer.