We recently tested whether transglutaminases are involved in periostial responses in A. gambiae, and found that TGase3—but not TGase1 or TGase2—negatively regulates periostial haemocyte aggregation during the early stages of infection and the sequestration of melanin by periostial haemocytes during the later stages of infection [40]. This evidence concerns the gene TGM1 and infection.