NFKB1 and hemorrhage: These two PHH-related molecular pathways both promoting NKCC1 hyperactivity could well occur in parallel on different time scales with the LPA/TRPV4-mediated effects discernible within minutes, followed by a slower route (perhaps minutes–hours) through a hemorrhage/TLR4-mediated path through NFκβ-mediated transcription events leading to activation of SPAK [6].