This phenotype was caused by higher CD8+ T lymphocytes infiltration in BilIN (median 172 cells per TMA dot) compared to IPN (median 44 cells per TMA dot) and to the corresponding invasive carcinomas of BilIN cases (median 120 cells per TMA dot; Figs. 2c and  4b). This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and bile duct papillary neoplasm.