However, one study reported that tumour vessels with high expression of S1PR1 (S1PR1 ECTG) showed less angiogenesis, smaller tumours and reduced metastasis; lack of S1PR1 in the vascular endothelium (S1PR1 ECKO) led to more angiogenesis, larger tumours and enhanced lung metastasis; antitumor activities of doxorubicin and anti-PD-1 antibody were more effective in S1PR1 ECTG than in the wild-type counterparts [34]. Here, S1PR1 is linked to neoplasm.