Consistent with our findings that more than half of our patients with DACT1 variants had cystic dysplastic kidneys, WNT signaling is particularly linked to cystic kidney diseases including polycystic kidney disease, nephronophthisis, medullary cystic kidney disease, and HNF1β-associated kidney anomalies (Pulkkinen et al. 2008; Goggolidou 2014). This evidence concerns the gene HNF1B and autosomal dominant medullary cystic kidney disease with or without hyperuricemia.