In this review, we summarize the relevant studies and explore a variety of transcription factors involved in the pathogenesis of epilepsy cAMP response element‐binding protein (CREB), repressor element 1‐silencing transcription/neuron‐restrictive silencer factor (REST/NRSF), nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), p53, p21 and Aristaless‐related homeobox (ARX). This evidence concerns the gene ARX and epilepsy.