NLRP3 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: However, some have reported contrasting results, with deficiency in NLRP3 and caspase-1 not protecting mice from HFD-induced obesity [43, 44], which suggests that the presence of the NLRP3 and caspase-1 genes is not required for HFD-induced adipose tissue inflammation and glucose intolerance.