Furthermore, GSMM predicted the metabolic differences among carriers of widely validated genetic variants associated with NAFLD/NASH disease severity in three genes (PNPLA3, TM6SF2, and HSD17B13) (Abul-Husn et al., 2018; Anstee et al., 2020; Liu et al., 2014; Romeo et al., 2008). Here, PNPLA3 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.