On the other hand, HIF-1α has been shown to positively regulate pro-inflammatory cytokine production and promote inflammation in myeloid cells in experimental models of bacterial infection, rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and obesity, conditions that favor inflammatory remodeling32–36. This evidence concerns the gene HIF1A and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.