NFKB1 and acute respiratory distress syndrome: Kun-Cheng Li utilized lobeline to improve acute lung injury and reported that it could reduce the production of IL-6, NO via inhibiting the oxidative stress and NF-κB signaling pathway.34 Our results further demonstrated that intravenous administration of lobeline was well-tolerated in moderate to severe ARDS patients and could attenuate lung inflammation rapidly, suggesting lobeline may not only stimulates the respiratory center to accelerate respiration, but also activates the α7nAChR pathway to reduce inflammation, and play the role of killing two birds with one stone for treating ARDS.