Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis further revealed that nanoFe upregulated the pathways of nitrogen metabolism (Figs. 8E and 9C) and simultaneously downregulated the pathways pertinent to the TNF signaling pathway, influenza A, JAK/STAT signaling pathway, and malaria (Figs. 8F and 9D). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is malaria.