Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis further revealed that nanoFe upregulated the pathways of nitrogen metabolism (Figs. 8E and 9C) and simultaneously downregulated the pathways pertinent to the TNF signaling pathway, influenza A, JAK/STAT signaling pathway, and malaria (Figs. 8F and 9D). Here, SOAT1 is linked to malaria.