This study proved that the levels of SIRT1, PGC-1α, UCP2, TFAM, and COXIV all decreased in septic mice, the effect of which was reconciled by nanoFe treatment (vs. the CLP group, Fig. 7A, B P < 0.05), indicating the positive role of nanoFe in improving mitochondrial biogenesis during sepsis. This evidence concerns the gene COX4I1 and Sepsis.