TGFB1 and chronic myelogenous leukemia, BCR-ABL1 positive: This kind of loop is mediated by exosome-associated transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) and subsequent activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), protein kinase B (PKB), also known as AKT, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways, resulting in augmented CML cell expansion and survival [102].