Whilst the mRNAs and proteins of NF-κB p50, TGF-β1, and KIM-1 increased significantly (Figure 2; P < 0.01 for all), those of Nrf2, AMPK-α, and AKT1 decreased markedly (Figure 3; P < 0.01 for all), in the PC renal samples than in the negative control group. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is pachyonychia congenita.