Additionally, the stimulation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α to the brain or spinal cord injury induced elevated messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of CCL-2 and CXCL-1 in the liver, elicited leukocytosis and neutrophil infiltration to the cerebrum, which thereby enhanced brain inflammation and the central nervous system response to injury (25). The gene discussed is CXCL1; the disease is Increased total leukocyte count.