SMURF1 and urinary bladder carcinoma: It has been shown that FOSL1 can promote the development and invasion of colorectal cancer through the Smurf1-mediated FBXL2/Wnt/β-catenin axis and the migration, invasion, and proliferation of breast, head, and neck squamous cell carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer, and prostate cancer (Elangovan et al., 2018; Luo et al., 2018; Cui et al., 2020; Dai et al., 2021; Hyakusoku et al., 2021; Liu et al., 2021).