However, contradictory results have also been reported, showing that high STAT1 expression levels are found in some cancers and correlate with poor prognosis compared to those with low expression levels, such as breast cancer, glioblastoma, lymphoma, and renal cell carcinoma (Khodarev et al., 2004; Duarte et al., 2012; Greenwood et al., 2012; Zhu et al., 2012; Arzt et al., 2014). This evidence concerns the gene STAT1 and renal cell carcinoma.