Moreover, in a study conducted in 2017, C-peptide levels were significantly higher in healthy individuals with insulin resistance than those without (39).This can be explained by the longer half-life of C-peptide compared to insulin (around five times higher) (40), and the fact that it is not metabolized by the liver (41), which provides more steady state levels for measurement (42), and more linear kinetics at the various glycemic stages. Here, INS is linked to Insulin resistance.