The anti-osteoporosis effect of kaempferol is mediated by various mechanisms in bone cells, including modulation of estrogen receptors, activation of BMP2 signaling, increasing the molecular interaction of TAZ (transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif) and Runx2 (osteoblast transcription factor) to augment the transcriptional activity of Runx2, inhibition of NF-κB and mTOR pathways, and inhibition of autophagy through downregulation of p62/SQSTM1 (45–47). Here, MTOR is linked to osteoporosis.