Similar characteristics were unveiled in a mouse model, as Moraxella-infected mice showed augmented levels of IL-6, IL-1β, IL-17, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in lungs, and neutralization of IL-17 and TNF-α was sufficient to accelerate airway inflammation and reduce the risk of AAD (Alnahas et al., 2017). Here, IL1B is linked to inflammation.