FoxO-DNA binding–dependent transcription was necessary for muscle atrophy in cancer cachexia as mice with FoxO-DNA binding–dependent transcriptional blockade in the muscle were found to prevent muscle atrophy by inhibiting the increased mRNA levels of atrogin-1, MuRF-1, cathepsin L, and Bnip3, and increasing MyoD expression (Reed et al., 2012). Here, CTSL is linked to cancer.