NFKB1 and Cognitive impairment: Jiang et al. (2020) demonstrated that gastrodin could protect HT-22 neurons from the damage of glutamate-induced ferroptosis via activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Yan et al. (2021) found that dimethyl fumarate alleviated inflammation, oxidative stress, and ferroptosis through the Nrf2/ARE/NF-κB pathway, thereby alleviating cognitive impairment in rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Several recent studies have shown that Nrf2 is expressed in neurons (Zhang et al., 2019a; Zhang Z. H. et al., 2021).