VEGFA and pancreatic neoplasm: Propofol reduced the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMK II) by inhibiting NMDAR, which blocks extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling and ultimately reduces the malignant potential of pancreatic cancer (Chen et al., 2017).