In 2011, Holmes et al., following their observation of a higher expression of Betaglycan in SSc fibroblast, overexpressed Betaglycan gene or ENG or both in NIH3T3 cells and tested their capacity to modulate the TGFβ induction of the CTGF/CCN2 promoter. Here, TGFB1 is linked to systemic sclerosis.