When we compared IDH mutation status (a prognostic factor that correlates with better survival), we found that expression levels of PDPN are overall lower in grade I/II IDH-mutated glioma and are elevated in grade IV IDH-mutated specimens (IDH mutant, n=37; IDH wild-type, n=224; p<0.0001; Supplementary Figure S1A) (47). This evidence concerns the gene PDPN and central nervous system cancer.