Similarly to AIH and PBC, the strongest genetic predisposition is conferred by HLA alleles, i.e. DRB1*03:01 and B*08:01, both being part of the above-mentioned 8.1 ancestral phenotype, which is associated with a host of autoimmune diseases, including AIH and ASC (2, 57–59). Here, HLA-DRB1 is linked to autoimmune disease.