Of the 27 cytokines examined, 8 (IL-1β, IL-4, IL-8, IL-17, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, and TNF-α) were noticeably upregulated in child patients with MDD relative to healthy children while 3 (IFN-γ, MIP-1, and RANTES) were markedly downregulated (all p < 0.05). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and major depressive disorder.