IFNγ showed concentration-dependent licensing effects on AD-MSC, with low concentrations (<10 ng/mL) showing minimal licensing effects with high expression of Il-6. But at medium to high concentrations (10-100 ng/mL), they promoted a robust immunomodulatory AD-MSC phenotype where Ptgs2 is upregulated, and Tnfα is downregulated. Here, TNF is linked to Alzheimer disease.