After infected with Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, the highest infection-induced immunomodulatory genes were those of the major proinflammatory cytokines: interleukin-1 alpha (il1a), interleukin-1 beta (il1b), interleukin-6 (il6), interleukin-17F (il17f) and interferon gamma (ifng) (31). This evidence concerns the gene IL1A and infection.