A clinical trial of triplet immunotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with vaccine (DPV-001) plus anti-PD-1 with or without anti-GITR has been initiated, with one of the primary aims being to assess T cell response to antigens relevant to HNSCC. This evidence concerns the gene TNFRSF18 and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.