INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Li et al. [82] also showed an increase in pro-inflammatory signaling and necroptosis in OGT-KO macrophages. In addition, Yang et al. [83] showed that mice with OGT-KO macrophages exhibit exacerbated inflammation and increased insulin resistance in response to high-fat diet induced obesity. Thus, while some elements of the NFκB signaling pathway are activated by O-GlcNAcylation, O-GlcNAcylation appears to have a protective role against exacerbated inflammation and its deleterious effects on insulin sensitivity.