In line with the protective role of spermidine for autoimmune disease, Li et al. found that spermidine could also alleviate inflammatory bowel disease in mice via eliciting anti-inflammatory phenotype in macrophages through mtROS-AMPK-Hif-1α axis and autophagy induction (Liu et al. 2020a). The gene discussed is HIF1A; the disease is autoimmune disease.