In addition to the vasodilatory action of SGLT-2i treatment, accumulating evidence suggests that dapagliflozin reduces cardiac remodeling by regulating the TGF-β1/Smad signaling in a non-glucose-lowering dependent manner [45] and attenuates advanced glycation end product induced inflammation and apoptosis in diabetic nephropathy through AMPK-mTOR mediated autophagy pathway [46]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is diabetic kidney disease.