NCL undergoes PP2A-mediated dephosphorylation followed by sumoylation and both modifications are essential for recruiting Rrp6-exosomes to NCL-bound inflammatory pre-mRNAs and tightly regulating their expression, possibly via nucleolar sequestration of robust inflammatory pre-mRNAs, to maintain immunological homeostasis at later stages of infection (Supplementary Fig. 10). Here, EXOSC10 is linked to infection.