CCN2 and neoplasm: FOXD1, a member of the FOX transcription factor family, has been found to play vital roles in multiple malignancies: upregulation of VEGFA, which increases tumor angiogenesis in colorectal cancer [28], upregulation of CYTOR, which promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and chemoresistance in oral squamous cell carcinoma [11], and upregulation of CTGF, promoting dedifferentiation and resistance to targeted therapy in melanoma [13].