Proinflammatory cytokine markers including C-reactive protein, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) are involved in the setting and prognosis of AF.2 Inflammation may contribute to atrial fibrosis and atrial structural remodelling, which may result in AF formation. The gene discussed is IL6; the disease is atrial fibrillation.