Mice injected with DDIT4-AS1 knockdown BxPC-3 and PANC-1 cells exhibited an appreciably reduced tumour incidence, slightly reduced tumour growth and weights compared to control mice (Fig. 3j-k, S1j-n), suggesting that the CSC frequency was significantly reduced in DDIT4-AS1-depleted PDAC cells compared to control cells. Here, DDIT4 is linked to neoplasm.