SOCS1 and PTPN2 are negative regulators of cytokine signaling (Chong et al., 2002; Elvira et al., 2022; Moore et al., 2009) and are both associated with T1D risk loci (Onengut-Gumuscu et al., 2015; Ram and Morahan, 2017). Here, PTPN2 is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.