LEP and gastroesophageal reflux disease: Schlottmann et al.49provided several possible explanations why EC is more common in obese individuals, including a higher prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease, linear associations between central adiposity and BE development; low levels of adiponectin, high serum leptin levels that potentially affect cell proliferation processes and changes in the esophageal microbiota due to unhealthy dietary habits that promote carcinogenesis.