FABP4 and hepatitis B virus infection: The four gene signature of damaged LSECs was consistently observed in single cell RNA sequencing and microarray datasets from normal liver and from patients with alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver fibrosis due to hepatitis B. Another recent study showed that FABP4 induced in LSECs in mice after bile duct ligation can promote LSEC capillarization by activation of Hedgehog signaling and stimulate hepatic stellate cells to increase the production of transforming growth factor β1 [103].