NFKB1 and infection: Core components of NF-κB signaling pathway include nuclear factor κB, NF-κB inhibitory protein, IκB kinase, etc. The signals that activate the NF-κB signaling pathway include the action of signaling molecules such as cytokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor α, interleukins), growth factors (e.g., EGF, PDGF, and NGF), free radicals (reactive oxygen species), and physical signal stimuli such as radiation, as well as pathogenic infections such as bacteria and viruses.