However, the blockade of the PD-L1/PD-1 pathway may interfere with cancer cell viability independently of the interaction with immune system cells; in fact, it has been reported that in osteosarcoma cells atezolizumab is also able to induce apoptosis, autophagy and activating JNK pathway (Liu et al., 2021). This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and cancer.