Interestingly, in studies investigating the efficacy of anti-PD-L1 therapy, Bifidobacterium was significantly associated with anti-tumor effects and was most abundant in patients who responded to anti-PD-1 therapy (37), also providing the possibility for future microbiota transplantation by increasing the frequency and activation of MAIT cells or enhancing the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is neoplasm.