In the current study we tested the following hypothesis: (a) The TLR4/NF-κB/IL-1β pathway is over-activated and its response is blunted to LPS stimulation in patients with schizophrenia; and (b) TLR4 pathway activation is prominently correlated with white-matter deficits and cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. This evidence concerns the gene TLR4 and schizophrenia.