TARDBP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Such findings have prompted investigations into the VAPB-PTPIP51 tethers in ALS and this has revealed them to be disrupted in cell and transgenic mouse models involving mutant TDP43, FUS, and C9orf72 (Stoica et al., 2014; Stoica et al., 2016; Gomez-Suaga et al., 2022).