Studies of induced pluripotent stem cell neurons derived from patients carrying pathogenic TDP43 and C9orf72 mutations also support a role for perturbation to ER-mitochondria signaling in ALS and this includes disruption to the VAPB-PTPIP51 interaction (Dafinca et al., 2016; Dafinca et al., 2020; Dafinca et al., 2021; Gomez-Suaga et al., 2022). Here, TARDBP is linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.