Orally delivered INS presents three major advantages: (i) it improves patient compliance; (ii) it undergoes a hepatic bypass before systemic circulation, which can mimic the effects of pancreatic INS by inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis and hepatic glucose output (Damgé et al., 2007; Sun et al., 2011); and (iii) it directly transports INS to the liver, thereby preventing peripheral hyperinsulinemia (Sun et al., 2011). This evidence concerns the gene INS and hyperinsulinism.