A recent study from 2018 investigating gene expression in primary MM samples as well as several human MM cell lines revealed that chronic hypoxia was able to increase the activity of several glycolysis-related enzymes, including fructose-2,6-biphosphatase (FBPase) and 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase (PFK2) (together known as PFKFB) [121] (Fig. 4). This evidence concerns the gene PFKFB4 and Miyoshi myopathy.